Oral Roberts University Admissions ACT Scores More

Oral Roberts University has an acceptance rate of 68 percent. Admissions at the school are not highly competitive. Interested students will need to submit an application, along with high school transcripts and scores from the SAT or ACT. Students with good grades and test scores within or above the ranges listed below have a good chance of being admitted to the school. Admissions Data in 2016 Oral Roberts University Acceptance Rate: 68 percentTest Scores: 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 450  / 568SAT Math: 440 / 560SAT Writing: - / -What these SAT numbers meanSAT score comparison for Oklahoma collegesACT Composite: 19 / 24ACT English: 19  / 25ACT Math: 17 / 24What these ACT numbers meanACT score comparison for Oklahoma colleges Oral Roberts University Description Located on a 263-acre campus in Tulsa, Oklahoma, Oral Roberts University is a private, Christ-centered university that takes pride in educating the whole person  Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã‚  mind, body, and spirit. Oklahoma City is about 100 miles to the southwest, and Fayetteville, Arkansas, is roughly 100 miles to the East. Students come from all 50 states and 83 countries. Undergraduates can choose from over 100 majors and minors, and the curriculum is supported by a 16 to 1 student to faculty ratio. At the graduate level, the university offers 14 programs, including doctoral degrees in education and theology. Majors in areas of religion, business, communications, psychology, and nursing are among the most popular with undergraduates. Campus life is active, with more than 30 clubs and organizations, and every year hundreds of students participate in short-term mission trips. Financial aid is strong, with the great majority of students receiving significant grant aid. The university tends to rank well for its overall value. On the athletic front, the Oral Roberts University Golden Eagles compete in the NCAA Division I  Summit League. The university fields eight mens and eight womens Division I teams. Enrollment in 2016 Total Enrollment: 3,852  (3,288 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 40 percent male / 60 percent female79% Full-time Costs in 2016-17 Tuition and Fees: $25,676Books: $1,848 (why so much?)Room and Board: $8,540Other Expenses: $3,696Total Cost: $39,760 Oral Roberts University Financial Aid 2015-16 Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 95 percentPercentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 94 percentLoans: 63 percentAverage Amount of AidGrants: $15,681Loans: $9,550 Academic Programs The most popular majors at Oral Roberts University are  Bible Studies, Biology, Business Administration, Elementary Education, Management, Media Studies, Ministry, Nursing, Political Science, and Psychology. Retention and Graduation Rates First-Year Student Retention (full-time students): 82 percent4-Year Graduation Rate: 47 percent6-Year Graduation Rate: 57 percent Intercollegiate Athletics Mens Sports:  baseball, basketball, cross country, golf, soccer, tennis, track fieldWomens Sports:  basketball, cross country, golf, soccer, tennis, track field, volleyball You May Also Like These Schools University of Tulsa: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphLiberty University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphTexas Christian University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphColorado Christian University: Profile  University of Arkansas: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphOklahoma City University: Profile  John Brown University: Profile  Azusa Pacific University: Profile  Rogers State University: Profile  Baylor University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Oklahoma: ProfileOklahoma Baptist University: Profile

Becoming Real Aboriginal Teachers by Young, et al Article

Essays on Becoming 'Real' Aboriginal Teachers by Young, et al Article The paper "Becoming 'Real' Aboriginal Teachers by Young, et al" is a great example of an article on education. The article written by Young, et al. (2010) proffered issues pertinent to the narrated stories on the experiences of six Aboriginal teachers: Brenda, Mary, Jennifer, Jerri-Lynn, Khea, Lucy and Lulu as they pursued higher education in Canada and delved into research work. The intergenerational narrative reverberations were used intermittently throughout the discourse to manifest stories told of each teacher’s experiences that remain part of the cultural, historical, social events that shaped their personal and professional development.   The remarkable comments noteworthy of the author’s contentions were the discriminations felt by the teachers against White people. One teacher’s perception of prejudice encompassed being discriminated likewise by their own people as the teachers were classified as ‘not fitting’ in any world, further rendering their own respective families as ‘not normal’. More profoundly revealed were the perceived inequality in terms of having no permanent contracts given to Aboriginal teachers; no allocated classroom space; stereotyping schools that encourage the participation and attendance o Aboriginal students and teachers as ‘not as strong’, ‘not as good’, or ‘not as qualified’. Through their stories, as revealed through their points of views and narrated professionally through their perspectives, the aim was to reveal the continued experience of â€Å"being excluded or silenced by dominant historical, institutional and social narratives positioning them as not ‘real’ teachers† (Young, et al., June 2010, p. 288).The authors effectively relayed oppression continued to be imposed by society, specifically coming from a sector (the academe) that is expected to possess the knowledge and understanding of according equality in instructions and treatment. Through the points of views of Aboriginal teachers who, despite these challenges and odds, remained determined and persistent to improve their craft and hone their personal and professional skills, their stories now become part of the education’s history acknowledging the responsibilities of the academic community to recognize the need to change for the better.

Why Wee Crave Horror Movie Free Essays

Why we still crave in horror movie when we are scare? In Stephen King’s Article it mention three main points. The first one is showing our courage, that we are not afraid in horror movie. It doesn’t mean that we don’t scream. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Wee Crave Horror Movie or any similar topic only for you Order Now In contrast, we scream when the roller coaster twists through a complete 360. Horror movie just like roller coaster, if it can’t make us scream only means the movie is not excited enough. The second one is to ensure that we are normal. To confirm that although we are not as beauty as a star but we are still better than the character in the horror movie However, these two reasons are not the main reason why we crave horror movie. At the beginning of the article, he said â€Å"I think that we’re all mentally ill† The test has already proven this statement at least people in this classroom are all crazy. He believes that we are mentally ill and crazy but only in different level/degree. Our insanity leads us only talk to ourselves when we are under stress or squinch our faces into horrible grimaces when we believe no one is watching. As we are all insane, we have to practice our anticivilization emotion from time to time. What is anticivilization emotion? For example the excitement and hyper emotion when seeing others are killed or being menaced. However, in this civilized society, when we seeing someone was killed us should show our sympathy. Our teacher teaches us we should have love, loyalty, kindness etc. when we practice this emotion we applaud. For example, if we give a kiss to our sister, the adult will praise us. In contrast if we put her finger in the door hinge, scold would comes follow. Although we keep the anticivilization emotion from getting out, it demands a periodic exercise. Therefore we choose to watch horror movie, we can let loose to scream. We don’t need to care for the civilized emotion. We can laugh when we see someone was killed, because we know that it is only a movie, and all people in this theater are crazy, we are just reliving our emotion. We think that practicing the anticivilization emotion can also help us to relief our stress in our daily life. As we have said before horror is come from___________________ therefore these become the main component of horror movie. When we watch it we feel scare and fear, at the same time we project our pressure and stress in it. For example when the monster is chasing the actor, we feel tension. This tension also included the anxiety we experience in the real life. ______________________________________ Watching horror movie can also fulfill our curiosity. When our society told us what should be fear or what is dangerous, we alert from these thing. However we have a desire to know more. How to cite Why Wee Crave Horror Movie, Essay examples

Macbethl Imagery Essay Example For Students

Macbethl Imagery Essay MacbethL ImageryOne of the most important tools in literature is imagery. It is notjust in there to fill up paper; rather, there is at least one dramatic purposefor each image and there are many different types of imagery. This essay seeksto prove that in the play Macbeth the author William Shakespeare uses darknessimagery for three dramatic purposes. Those three purposes are, to createatmosphere, to arouse the emotions of the audience and to contribute to themajor theme of the play. The darkness imagery in Macbeth contributes to its ominous atmosphere. Inthe very beginning of the play the three witches are talking and the first witchsays When shall we three meet again? In thunder, lightning, or in rain?(Macbeth 1. 1. line 1). This is a good example of darkness imagery because whenyou think of the crashing thunder, lightning and rain, they all remind you ofevil and ominous things. Later on the Sergeant is talking with Duncan andMalcolm when he states Ship wrecking storms and direful thunders break (1. 2. l26). Again this darkness imagery contributes to the ominous atmosphere of theplay, having reference to thunder and dark storms. Finally, Lady Macbeth andMacbeth are talking in the scene just before the murder of Banquo and Macbethsays Light thickens, and the crow makes wing to the rooky wood: Good things ofday begin to droop and drowse, whiles nights black agents to their preys dorouse (3. 2. l50-53). This example of darkness imagery is saying that the dayis turning into night, all the good things are going to sleep, and the evilcreatures are coming out . The evil in this previous quotation and the twobefore adds to the ominous atmosphere. Since the imagery creates an ominousatmosphere it would then lead to the second dramatic purpose, to arouse theemotions of the audience. Darkness imagery is a very good tool for arousingthe emotions of the audience. It enables people to create a mental picture ofthe what they are reading. For instance, in this instance of darkness imageryDuncan an d Macbeth were talking when Macbeth says aside Stars, hide your fires!Let not light see my black and deep desires (1. 4. l50-51). When words likedark and desire are put in that context it creates many horrible mentalpictures about murders and fights which arouses peoples emotions. Ross is latertalking with an old man when he states By the clock tis day, and yet darknight strangles the traveling lamp (2. 4. l6-7). In other words; although, thesun should beout, something is blocking the light. This example of darkness imagery createsan eeriefeeling in the reader because it is very abnormal for the sun to be blocked. One might say that God is punishing them or that there is the presence of adevil if the sun was gone and would stir up the emotions of the reader althoughit was probably only an eclipse. Another case of darkness imagery happens whenLady Macbeth and a messenger are talking and Lady Macbeth states That my keenknife see not the wound it makes, nor heaven peep through the blanket of thedark to cry, Hold, hold! (1. 5. l52-54). It creates an illustration ofterror because of the unknown. With night covering the earth like a blanket noone knows what might happen. They might be the one behind the knife with knowone there to see it or help. .ue002daa70a85ef4e5750dbb18d3f8d88 , .ue002daa70a85ef4e5750dbb18d3f8d88 .postImageUrl , .ue002daa70a85ef4e5750dbb18d3f8d88 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue002daa70a85ef4e5750dbb18d3f8d88 , .ue002daa70a85ef4e5750dbb18d3f8d88:hover , .ue002daa70a85ef4e5750dbb18d3f8d88:visited , .ue002daa70a85ef4e5750dbb18d3f8d88:active { border:0!important; } .ue002daa70a85ef4e5750dbb18d3f8d88 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue002daa70a85ef4e5750dbb18d3f8d88 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue002daa70a85ef4e5750dbb18d3f8d88:active , .ue002daa70a85ef4e5750dbb18d3f8d88:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue002daa70a85ef4e5750dbb18d3f8d88 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue002daa70a85ef4e5750dbb18d3f8d88 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue002daa70a85ef4e5750dbb18d3f8d88 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue002daa70a85ef4e5750dbb18d3f8d88 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue002daa70a85ef4e5750dbb18d3f8d88:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue002daa70a85ef4e5750dbb18d3f8d88 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue002daa70a85ef4e5750dbb18d3f8d88 .ue002daa70a85ef4e5750dbb18d3f8d88-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue002daa70a85ef4e5750dbb18d3f8d88:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Leslie twiggy Hornby EssayAs well as arousing the emotions of the audience darkness imagery works wellin characterizing. Darkness imagery also is very useful for a further dramaticpurpose, to characterize, and specifically to characterize Macbeth. Throughthe use of darkness imagery Shakespeare was able to characterize Macbeth asperceived in this next quote where Macduff and Malcolm are talking and Macduffpronounces Not in legions of horrid hell can come a devil more damnd in evils,to top Macbeth (4. 3. l55-56). It is understood that Macduff views Macbeth asa man even further corrupt than any devil and would consequently characterizehim as evil. Subsequent to that, Macbeth enters a scene with Young Siward andYoung Siward asks for his name. Macbeth replies and Young Siward replies withThe devil himself could not pronounce a title more hateful to mine ear (5. 7. l8-9). This shows that, as well, Young Siward views Macbeth as a bad man andwould also characterize Macbeth. Lastly, Malcolm is speaking with Macduff andsaying how he will reveal his real evil self and states When they shall beopend, black Macbeth will seem as pure as snow (4. 3. l52-53). Thischaracterizing Macbeth as a dark person but contrary to previous beliefs,Malcolm is actually more evil. Darkness imagery was very effective incharacterizing Macbeth in all the preceding quotes. Consequently viewing the previous, it is undoubtedly true that darknessdoes play a big role in developing the dramatic purposes. Darkness imagerydoes help convey to the audience the atmosphere, it does provoke the audiencesresponse to the play, and it did help illustrate the characters in Macbeth. Imagery plays a huge roll in the development of any piece of literature.

The American and French Revolutions free essay sample

The Atlantic revolutions had a big impact on the development of world history. Starting with the American Revolution, where Americans fought for their independence from Great Britain, each subsequent revolution took ideas and courage from the previous one. A similarity of the first two Revolutions, the French and the American, was that they were both erected from an economic crisis. Some differences were that the French, right after their monarchy ended, became an empire and then a republic whereas, the American became a republic. Also, the French Revolution was considered much more radical then the American. The economical crisis required the people to pay heavy taxes to their government, which led to their uprising. Concerning the economic crisis, both the American and the French were at an all time low. After the French Indian War, Great Britain was in serious debt. Many extra taxes were put in to place to pay for the war. We will write a custom essay sample on The American and French Revolutions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Acts that included the Stamp Act, Townshed Act, Sugar Act, Tea Act, and Quartering Act were all created to gain money from the American Colonies and control them. Because of this, the Americans decided that they had enough of the taxes and control and decided to revolt. The French economical crisis pretty much followed the same route and led to the French Revolution. After they helped the Americans in the Revolution, they faced depressing economical times. The third class of the French was hit heavily with the taxes, many to the bread bakers closed down because they couldn’t afford to keep it open. To top it all off, Marie Antoinette, the queen, deepened the resentment because of her expensive life style that was being paid for by them. This was one of the causes of the French revolution. One major difference that occurred after both the revolution was that while America became a republic right after their monarchy ended, France did not with the uprising of Napoleon who was named emperor. After the Americans won their independence, they moved to create the articles of Confederation to give each state power but then placed it with an improved United States constitution. The creation of a three-part government with checks and balances furthered the creation of a powerful republic. The French, on the other hand, went through a period led by Bonaparte Napoleon who was crowned emperor by Pope Pius the VII. He was emperor until he was captured and sent to an island, then resumed when he escaped and took his role back from the newly reinstated monarchy. The democracy came after words as the Declaration of the Rights of Men took full effect. Another difference between the American and French Revolution was the actual happenings of the revolutions. The French were considered more radical in their movement then the Americans. During the French Revolution over 30,000 people were killed by revolutionaries lead by Maximilien Robespierre in the Terror of 1793. Houses of nobles were ransacked and an incident where woman crashed the castle of the King and Queen and attempted to kill them. The guillotine was created as a more efficient way to kill which people actually enjoyed. The most radical event that happened during the French revolution was the execution of King Louis and Marie by the revolutionaries after they tried to flee France. The American Revolution was more stable. The revolts of the Americans that included dumping tar and feathers on tax collectors were hardly as hectic as the French’s movement. The only massacre ended in the death of five people. In summary, although the revolutions share the same ideas of enlightenment, such as rationalism, secularism, optimism and self-confidence, freedom of speech, religion, religious toleration, rights for the accused and constitutional government, the ideologies and the events that took place varied greatly. In the American and French Revolutions, they both varied in the outcome of their government and in the duration of the Revolution. A common element that they had was the financial distress they were in leading up to the revolt.

Free Essays on Are Women Morally Superior To Men

Critical Reading What is at Issue? In the reading, â€Å"Are Women Morally Superior To Men?† written by Katha Pollitt, the writer attempts to answer different questions. The obvious and underlying question is whether woman are morally superior to men. More specifically, the writer is bringing up the idea of â€Å"difference femenism† and asking if it really takes place. â€Å"Difference feminism† is explained as woman naturally being superior to men because of their empathy, nurturance, nonhierachial relationships, and concern for equal. With â€Å"difference feminism† the previous is true, rather than men being superier due to cultural and societal norms. So What? In this writer’s conclusion I began to understand her purpose for writing the essay. Katha Pollitt states that everyone is responsible for â€Å" the environment, a more humane workplace, economic justice, social support for children.† In turn, she asks the reader to do something to make the world a better place. I believe that her beliefs about â€Å"difference feminism† and woman superiority to men would be a part of making the world a better place, in her eyes. Therefore, I believe she wrote the essay to get us, the reader, to take on her beliefs to better our lives and the lives of others. How did I get here? I believe that the writer used a good line of reasoning and writing that helped the reader follow her though process. The essay began by setting the mood and giving some history on different sex roles. She then brought the essay to contemporary times and began explaining her philosophy or beliefs. The writer’s sentences led into each other in what I believe was an attempt to leave little room for the reader to stray from her though process. I had to stop a few times to see what I thought because I felt the writer was letting me think only of her own thoughts as they were written. What am I being asked to believe, and are the writer’s recommendati... Free Essays on Are Women Morally Superior To Men Free Essays on Are Women Morally Superior To Men Critical Reading What is at Issue? In the reading, â€Å"Are Women Morally Superior To Men?† written by Katha Pollitt, the writer attempts to answer different questions. The obvious and underlying question is whether woman are morally superior to men. More specifically, the writer is bringing up the idea of â€Å"difference femenism† and asking if it really takes place. â€Å"Difference feminism† is explained as woman naturally being superior to men because of their empathy, nurturance, nonhierachial relationships, and concern for equal. With â€Å"difference feminism† the previous is true, rather than men being superier due to cultural and societal norms. So What? In this writer’s conclusion I began to understand her purpose for writing the essay. Katha Pollitt states that everyone is responsible for â€Å" the environment, a more humane workplace, economic justice, social support for children.† In turn, she asks the reader to do something to make the world a better place. I believe that her beliefs about â€Å"difference feminism† and woman superiority to men would be a part of making the world a better place, in her eyes. Therefore, I believe she wrote the essay to get us, the reader, to take on her beliefs to better our lives and the lives of others. How did I get here? I believe that the writer used a good line of reasoning and writing that helped the reader follow her though process. The essay began by setting the mood and giving some history on different sex roles. She then brought the essay to contemporary times and began explaining her philosophy or beliefs. The writer’s sentences led into each other in what I believe was an attempt to leave little room for the reader to stray from her though process. I had to stop a few times to see what I thought because I felt the writer was letting me think only of her own thoughts as they were written. What am I being asked to believe, and are the writer’s recommendati...

The world of Sports matematics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The world of Sports matematics - Research Paper Example Just to mention but a few, in crickets, it serves to establish the number of runs and to enumerate the total number of runs needed in each over, what is referred to as the run rate. This is critical in beating the opponent. The discipline also serves in majoring the courtyards in football and to mark the perimeter from say the mount all through to home plate in baseball. The field is often 100 yards long and so it is marked at an interval of 10 yards using a line. This brings about the center being 50 yards from either side and divides the two teams halfway apart. In athletics otherwise referred to as sprints, mathematics is used to determine the speed of an individual relative to the opposition’s. This is achieved by determining two variables, which are the distance covered and the stride frequency. An interesting mathematical concept is involved in interpreting the speeds of any given athlete. To ascertain the technique best suits a sprinter in so far as take off is concerned, the athlete’s tangential slope is used to gauge his or her velocity. The results are then exposed to three modus operandi. In order to establish who among the players is best based on performance and contribution of the match, mathematical concepts still set in. The number of passes he or she receives and the number of complete passes he makes are translated into numbers, counted and used to determine their performance throughout the season. Baseball for instance derives its popularity from statistics which was used to keep records and tracks from home runs. The major operations such as subtraction, division, addition and multiplication have been used to bring fourth analysis and rational judgments in matters of sports. In football for example, there must be designated teams according to each pool and all these have to battle it out in order to secure a place on top of the pool. This in essence calls for counting of the number of goals scored, the

Organizational structure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Organizational structure - Essay Example The present optimal organizational structure of the MH Company is not designed to complement the company’s plans for expanding their business internationally. With the present organizational structure, the Vice President of International Sales is ill equipped to meet the challenges of the global business environment primarily because macro environment elements significantly influence the market strategy for global business entities. Marketing comprises micro and macro economic factors. The micro economic factors like price, products etc. are directly under the control of the organizations and can be manipulated to suit the market conditions. The macro environment factors, on the other hand are elements that are external but have major impact on the industry performance: economic; demographic trend; changing socio-cultural paradigm; developing new environmental compulsions; advancing technology; and political environment of the region (Kotler et al, 2007). Sjostrand and Tyrstrup, in one of their article, have argued that managerial leadership needs to be approached as a relational, ongoing social construction process rather than as a single clear cut phenomenon (2001). Indeed, for any organization to expand and succeed, it is crucial that its people are recognized as vital part of its strategy and organizational goals and objectives be interpreted in the context of the changing paradigms of the times. Beardwell and Claydon have also asserted that the theoretical concept of human resource management needs to be looked from a wider perspective of providing the invaluable human capital that can meet the challenges of the rapid globalization and advancing technology. (Beardwell, Claydon, 2007). With the global competition becoming increasingly stiff, the jobs specifications are becoming less rigid and changing the overall perspective of job criteria and employment. The HR strategy needs to develop its unique organizational culture with well defined vision

Public Memory and Commemoration, Roadside Memorials Annotated Bibliography

Public Memory and Commemoration, Roadside Memorials - Annotated Bibliography Example This article talks about the efforts to police the installation of road memorials. The discussion is brief but it is able to present clearly the two sides of the debate. The Gympie Regional Council, in particular, is ambivalent in its position in the debate. Although proposing to eliminate the roadside memorials that have burgeoned at the sites of different vehicular accidents the Council seems to excuse these roadside memorials as well. Hence, the councilors attempted to put into effect the statute prohibiting the roadside memorials, but simultaneously it will allow flowers or crosses provided that they are looked after and do not cause road dangers. This article demonstrates that the banning of roadside memorials is not an easy decision to make. This article presents a comprehensive discussion of the several factors that contribute to the hazards of roadside memorials for motorists. Some of the identified factors are visibility and environmental conditions. The author depicts how governmental organizations, like the National Fire Protection Association’s Standard for Automotive Fire Apparatus, try to lessen the accidents caused by roadside memorials by obliging ambulances and fire trucks in the United States to put signs in different sites and retroreflective markings. This article is relevant to the currently study due to its overarching premise that issues of roadside safety are complicated. Roadside memorials may be one of the reasons for these vehicular accidents but there are other factors to take into account. This article could be use to support the arguments for keeping roadside memorials. This book describes the symbolic sites of the ‘informal’ roadside memorials that have begun to emerge recently, marking rural, suburban, and metropolitan sceneries. Roadside memorials, according to the author, are usually considered as ‘spur-of-the-moment’ occurrence. Nevertheless,

The Differences Between Programme And Portfolio Management Management Essay

The Differences Between Programme And Portfolio Management Management Essay Portfolio and programme management has question of governance from two perspectives. The first perspective is the interconnectedness of the different project objectives in order to increase of combined project outcomes. This requires to the development of programmes, which defined by Project Management Institute (PMI) as a group of related projects, managed in a coordinated way to obtain benefits and control not available from managing them individually (PMI, 2004) cited in (Blomquist Moller, 2006). The other perspective is concerned with the interrelationships among the management requirements for these multi projects in order to achieve the organizations overall business benefits. This led the need to develop portfolio management techniques which also defined by (PMI) as the centralized management of one or more portfolios, which includes identifying, prioritizing, authorizing, managing and controlling projects, programmes and other related work to achieve specific strategic busin ess objectives. (PMI, 2004) cited in (Blomquist Moller, 2006) From this concept it can be understood as a collection of projects or programmes and other work that are grouped together to facilitate effective management of that work in order to meet strategic business benefits. The projects or programmes of the portfolio may not necessary be interdependent or directly related. It is important to establish what is meant by programme management as opposed to portfolio management. The practitioners of the project management had tried to find good alignment between project management and organization strategy. Researches (Yuming, Quan Peng, 2007) in the literature has examined the idea for these strategies that should be aligned and moved from the corporate level through portfolio, programme and multi projects in a systematic manner that provides cohesion, visibility and effective communication as shown in figure 1. Figure 1: Diamond-E Model based alignment between strategy and portfolio project management adopted from (Yuming, Quan Peng, 2007) Programme Management:- In the past, the term programme has many synonyms that have been used, including multi project, portfolio of projects, macro project, and complex change (Ferns, 1991). A 3 phase for implementing programme management is suggested by (Ferns, 1991) as follows; preparatory phase, programme establishment, programme management. Basically, the concept of project management has evolved to what so called programme management and finally portfolio management. Most literatures illustrates programme management to be connected with albeit different from portfolio management (Lycett, Rassau and Danson, 2004; Turner and Muller, 2003) cited in (Blomquist Moller, 2006). However, Programme management is often perceived as the top layer of a hierarchy consisting of multi projects. The main goals of programme management is to focus on improving efficiency and effectiveness by choosing better prioritization, planning and coordination in the management of projects. Also by developing of business focus by identifies the goals of multi projects and the entire programme related to the requirements, goals, drivers and organizations work culture. Some researches on programme management have classified into three categories; programme management as an entity for organizational structure, programme management process and life cycles, and competencies for programme management. Sometimes, projects are too large to manage as a single entity. It is more convenient and effective to have work breakdown structure in a series of closely related and linked projects, each of them managed by a project manager, reporting to a programme manager (Buttrick, 2000a). PROGRAM.jpg Figure 2: A programme where each individual constituent project is used to manage a substantial work adopted from (Buttrick, 2000a) Generally, Programme management is a technique that provides the organization to coordinate multiple related projects concurrently, and cannot be controlled individually by bringing together people, activities and information in order to achieve the end goal and obtain significant benefits from them as a collection (Norton, 2008) and (Deancon, 2010). Programme may involve elements of related work outside the scope of the discrete projects in programme such as ongoing operations. A programme can only succeed if the multi-projects within the programme are completed, therefore without programme management; the projects will be uncoordinated and will not integrate into a final goal. Other authors (Haughey, 2001) has defined programme management as a group of related projects carried out in order to achieve a defined business objective and benefit. It provides specific way to control project management and covers vision, mission, aims and objectives, scope, approach, design, responsibilit ies, resourcing and benefits realization. By using well defined framework. The programme management has four basic stages; programme identification, planning, delivery and closure. These stages take the programme from beginning which must be based on strategies, right through to the final realization of a defined business objectives or benefits. 2.1 Structure of Programme Management:- The structure of Prgramme management allows controlling multi projects so they deliver effectively for the group as well as to hand the changes proactively and also it provides a framework for handling complexity and risk. Moreover, there is often a program support group to undertake the necessary coordination, administration and implement common standards (Buttrick, 2000a). It concentrates on delivering new capabilities and services, Business plan, Strategic objectives, Change and some other initiatives. For example the long term objectives can be definite by programme management, and this will help the organization to identify the multi projects that will lead in achieving these objectives and needs to think carefully about the benefits of these projects are designed to bring about. These potential benefits are considered as; meeting business needs, saving, and reducing risk. The main activities for programme management are: setting the baseline, agreeing roles and responsibilities , Programme planning, project priority, stakeholder communication, progress reporting, quality management, risk management, issue management, managing benefits and programme closure (Haughey, 2001). Some authors says that(Haughey, 2001), all programmes should have a well defined baseline from which to measure costs and benefits resulting from investment into the programme. Hence, Programme management is becoming an increasing important issue for managing changes within business which can be internal, such as increasing the level of products, or external, such as implementing a new government policy (Norton, 2008). Project team.jpg Figure 3 A typical programme management structure adopted from (Buttrick, 2000a) Project portfolio:- With a strongly increase share of companies investing in project- organized undertakings, the generally expected advantage in controllability for multi project comes along with a loss of transparency and hence effectiveness of the overall project landscape (Elonen and Artto, 2003) cited in (Jonas, 2010). So the need for a structure and proactive management of the project landscape gets increasingly important. Effective project portfolio management is becoming a key competence for organizations handling numerous projects simultaneously. A project portfolio is seen as number of projects that compete for scarce resources and are conducted under the sponsorship or management of a specific organization (Buttrick, 2000b). Refer to (Jonas, 2010) study, the measure for portfolio success should be taken at different points in time. The overall system success is consisting of three dimensions; process effectiveness, portfolio success and portfolio related corporate success. The tasks for portf olio management is consist of those related to multi project is; portfolio structuring, resource management, portfolio steering, and organizational learning and portfolio exploitation It can be argue that the portfolio management system success will be positively influenced by the extant to which these multi project portfolio tasks are executed in the company. As mentioned realer, Portfolio management is all the projects which are related or unrelated, undertaken by an organization. These can be divided into functional area such as IT, supply chain, HR, new development. With this level, it gives a complete view across the organization to understand all the multiple projects are taking place, related or unrelated. The best way for presenting this data is by business function, thereby giving a view of the projects in a specific area. Portfolio management is useful for decision makers because it provides them a total view of all initiatives taking place across the organization. This will ensure that the organization focused on what is important, helps avoiding duplication and informs strategic decision making. The activities which will be undertaken during portfolio management are: Checking strategic alignment, risk management, progress reporting. When the organization handling group of projects which are carried out by sponsorship and managed by this organization. These projects must complete for scare resources such as people, finances, time, and so on which can be available from the sponsors, since there are normally not enough resources to hand out for proposed multi projects which meets the organizations minimum requirements on certain criteria. Therefore project portfolio is the selection for periodic activity involved in selection a portfolio, from available project proposals and the multi project currently underway which must meet the organizations stated objectives in a desirable manner without exceeding available resources or effecting other constraints (Archer Ghasemzadeh, 1999) . So the portfolio management has to be pivotal in planning and controlling complex project more effectively and more efficiently and this can be achieved by implementing project portfolio management practices as a management innovation. Programme and Portfolio Management:- With the understanding the difference between programme and portfolio management, it is possible to understand what the organization needs to achieve and how programme and portfolio management fits into an organization processes and procedures. The hierarchy in this understand is shown in figure 1. Figure 1 Programme management Hierarchy adopted from (Haughey, 2001) By considering that, some multi projects are too large to manage as a single entity, so it is necessary to split them up into smaller manageable projects. And also if the whole project is too large for single project manager to handle, then, the numbers of projects managers are needed to handle the small projects. Hence smaller project with multiple project managers all designed to achieve a single long term objective for the organization. For control these groups and have an overall view a programme manager is required. 5 Conclusions:- The synopsis differences between a programme and portfolio in multi projects are; Programme is a group of projects related to the organization that are managed in a coordinated way to gain business goals that would not be possible were these projects managed independently (Ferns, 1991). Programme management concentrates on delivering; new capabilities, Business plan, Strategic objectives, Change and other initiatives. Portfolio management is all projects, related or unrelated, being carried out by this organization. Portfolio management aims to optimize the results of project portfolio to gain organization benefits and wants. Portfolio project a collection of projects, programmes and other work that are compiled together to facilitate the effective management of the same work to meet strategic business benefits. Each one has a special role to play and needs to be managed differently (Deancon, 2010). programme and portfolio management has been designed to fulfill nearly all organizations individual and multi projects to succeed in todays competitive climate.

Free Essay on Macbeth - The Guilt of Lady Macbeth :: GCSE Coursework Macbeth Essays

The Guilt of Lady Macbeth Everyone is influenced by other people, including leaders or authority, to make the wrong decisions at some point in their lives. In the play Macbeth, Lady Macbeth is responsible for the evil doings of Macbeth. Lady Macbeth is responsible for this by using his love for her to persuade him into killing King Duncan. Because Macbeth loved and trusted his wife, he was vulnerable to her opinions and suggestions. We also know that she is responsible for these heartless things because she has so much guilt that she commits suicide. Macbeth would never have done any of those horrible things if it were not for the murder of King Duncan, which was forced on by Lady Macbeth. At the beginning of the play, Macbeth is a trusted soldier, who is honest and noble. Unfortunately, he meets three witches who tell him three prophecies; that he will become thane of Cawdor, that he will become king and that Banquo’s sons will become kings. These three prophecies slowly change his opinions on life and turn him into a greedy, dishonest, tyrant, full of ambition. Lady Macbeth’s thoughts change as well when she is told about the three prophecies that were told to Macbeth. In the beginning of the play, Lady Macbeth is ambitious, controlling and domineering. She is the one who encourages him to kill the king, she not only encourages him, she makes all the plans herself, which shows her determination and persistence."Yet I do fear thy nature, it is too full o’th milk of human kindness. To catch the nearest way thou wouldst be great. Art not without ambition, but without the illness should attend it." (Act 1, scene 5). Lady Macbeth is the force behind M acbeth’s sudden ambition and she tries to manipulate him into feeling guilty and unmanly for not following through with the murder, by using her husbands emotions, she manages to convince Macbeth to murder Duncan. After the death of King Duncan, Macbeth becomes the more controlling one, and Lady Macbeth’s guilt eventually becomes too much for her to handle which leads to her death. Lady Macbeth is in fact the one that performs the preparations for the murder of King Duncan, but still shows some signs of humanity by not committing the murder herself because he resembles "My father as he slept". After the murder has been committed, she also shows signs of being a strong person because she calms Macbeth down in order to keep him from going insane.